In the field of ternary lithium batteries, the "big three-electric" system is the core pillar of vehicle performance. Among them, the battery, as an energy carrier, directly affects the mileage, charging efficiency and safety.
一. The core composition of the new energy vehicle "big three electrics". 1.Battery: The core of energy storage (1) Power battery is the "heart" of new energy vehicles, accounting for 30%-40% of the cost of the whole vehicle. Mainstream technology routes include lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and ternary lithium batteries (NCM/NCA), the former is known for its safety, and the latter focuses on high energy density. (2) Battery Management System (BMS): Real-time monitoring of battery temperature, voltage, and charging and discharging status to prevent overcharging and overdischarging, and prolong battery life. 2.Motor: Power output Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. Common types include permanent magnet synchronous motors and induction asynchronous motors, which balance efficiency and reliability. 3.Power Electronics: Intelligent Hub Controlling the energy flow of batteries and motors, optimizing energy consumption and power distribution, is the "brain" of the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle.
二. the core position and challenges of battery technology 1.Battery performance determines the competitiveness of the whole vehicle (1) Energy density: The energy density of ternary lithium batteries reaches 250-300Wh/kg, which supports the demand for long battery life; Although the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteriesis low (160-200Wh/kg), the cost advantage is significant. (2) Fast charging technology: The application of 800V high-voltage platform and silicon carbide (SiC) electronic control can increase the charging speed of the battery by more than 50%. 2.Battery safety and thermal management Thermal runaway is the core pain point of battery safety, which needs to be prevented and controlled through thermal insulation materials, liquid cooling systems and BMS. 3.Cost and Recovery Lithium price fluctuations and battery recycling technologies (such as cascade utilization) have become the key to cost reduction, and the battery recycling market is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan in 2030.
